WebbA state is a centralized political organization that imposes and enforces rules over a population within a territory.There is no undisputed definition of a state. One widely used definition comes from the German sociologist Max Weber: a "state" is a polity that maintains a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence, although other definitions are … Webb20 dec. 2024 · We explore the concept of alternative stable states in unstable systems using the highly dynamic wetland ecosystems of North America's Prairie Pothole Region. …
Tracking unstable states: ecosystem dynamics in a changing world
Webb3 jan. 2024 · The theory of multiple stable states in ecological systems provides one potential explanation for such observations. In ecological systems with multiple stable … Webbalternative stable states had been noted long before (Lewontin, 1969; Holling, 1973; May, 1977), but shallow lakes are often considered the first well documented example. This … how does mindset affect success
(PDF) Alternative Stable States in Ecology - ResearchGate
Although alternative stable state theory is still in its infancy, empirical evidence has been collected from a variety of biomes : The Sahara region, once vegetated, suddenly collapsed into a desert about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago due to climate change... In the northeastern United States alternative ... Visa mer In ecology, the theory of alternative stable states (sometimes termed alternate stable states or alternative stable equilibria) predicts that ecosystems can exist under multiple "states" (sets of unique biotic and abiotic conditions). … Visa mer Ecosystems can shift from one state to another via a significant perturbation directly to state variables. State variables are quantities that change quickly (in ecologically-relevant time scales) in response to feedbacks from the system (i.e., they are … Visa mer Hysteresis is an important concept in alternative stable state theory. In this ecological context, hysteresis refers to the existence of different stable states under the same variables … Visa mer Most work on alternative stable states has been theoretical, using mathematical models and simulations to test ecological hypotheses. Other … Visa mer Alternative stable state theory was first proposed by Richard Lewontin (1969), but other early key authors include Holling (1973), Sutherland (1974), May (1977), and Scheffer et al. (2001). In the broadest sense, alternative stable state theory proposes that a … Visa mer It is also possible to cause state shifts in another context, by indirectly affecting state variables. This is known as the ecosystem perspective. This perspective requires a change in environmental parameters that affect the behavior of state variables. For … Visa mer By their very nature, basins of attraction display resilience. Ecosystems are resistant to state shifts – they will only undergo shifts under substantial perturbations – but some states are more resilient than others. In the ball-and-cup model, a valley with … Visa mer Webb10 juni 2024 · The concept of alternate stable states is important in ecological theory and models, but the application and implementation of these models have the potential to make significant future advances in the field of patterned landscapes. Webb25 jan. 2016 · Scientific Reports Ecosystems may exhibit alternative stable states (ASS) in response to environmental change. Modelling and observational data broadly support the theory of ASS, however evidence from manipulation experiments supporting this … how does mindfulness reduce stress